Cash FlowIntermediate📖 7 min read

Net Long-Term Debt Issuance

A key financing cash flow metric showing the net cash effect of a company issuing and repaying long-term debt, which are obligations due in more than one year.

Formula
Long-Term Debt Issued - Long-Term Debt Repaid
Statement Location
Cash Flow from Financing Activities
Positive Figure Signifies
Net borrowing (company took on more long-term debt).
Negative Figure Signifies
Net repayment (company paid down more long-term debt).
Common Purpose
To fund major projects, acquisitions, or refinance existing debt.

Net Long-Term Debt Issuance refers to the net cash a company raises (or repays) by borrowing. In other words, it is the amount of long-term debt issued minus the amount of long-term debt repaid during the period. Long-term debt generally means loans or bonds that mature beyond one year. A positive net issuance means more new debt was issued than repaid (a net cash inflow), while a negative number means the company repaid more than it borrowed (a net cash outflow). This figure is a critical component of the Financing Activities section of the Statement of Cash Flows.

Table of Contents

Calculation and Interpretation

The calculation for net long-term debt issuance is a straightforward netting of the cash inflows from new long-term borrowings against the cash outflows for repayments of existing long-term debt.

Net Long-Term Debt Issuance=Proceeds from LT Debt Issued−Principal Payments on LT Debt \text{Net Long-Term Debt Issuance} = \text{Proceeds from LT Debt Issued} - \text{Principal Payments on LT Debt}
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Positive vs. Negative: The Bottom Line

A positive number indicates a net cash inflow. The company increased its long-term borrowings, boosting its cash position but also its future obligations. A negative number indicates a net cash outflow. The company used cash to decrease its long-term borrowings, reducing leverage but also depleting available cash.

Strategic Use and Analytical Implications

Why Companies Issue or Repay Long-Term Debt

  • Raise Capital for Growth: Firms issue long-term debt to fund new projects, capital expenditures, and acquisitions when they need more cash than is generated internally.
  • Refinance or Restructure: A company might issue new long-term debt to pay off older debt, often to secure a lower interest rate or extend its repayment schedule.
  • Deleverage and Strengthen Balance Sheet: A company with strong cash flow may choose to repay its long-term debt to reduce future interest expenses and lower its financial risk.

The context behind the net issuance figure is critical for analysis. A positive net issuance boosts liquidity, which can fund growth, but it also increases leverage and financial risk. A negative net issuance (net repayment) strengthens the balance sheet and reduces interest costs but uses cash that could otherwise be invested or returned to shareholders. Analysts evaluate this trend to understand a company's capital management strategy and risk appetite.

Real-World Examples

Illustrative Calculation

If a company receives $30,000 from a new long-term loan (inflow) and makes principal payments of $25,000 on existing debt (outflow), its net long-term debt issuance is +$5,000 for the period. This represents a net cash inflow from financing activities.

Amazon's Shift in Strategy

A financial analysis of Amazon noted that after 2022, the company's long-term debt issuance ceased while repayments increased. This resulted in a negative net long-term debt issuance, signaling a strategic shift from borrowing for growth to actively reducing its debt load.

Key Takeaways

1

Net Long-Term Debt Issuance is the net cash flow from issuing new long-term debt minus the cash used to repay existing long-term debt.

2

It is a key line item within the 'Financing Activities' section of the Statement of Cash Flows.

3

A positive value signifies that the company was a net borrower of long-term funds, increasing its cash and leverage.

4

A negative value indicates the company was a net repayer of long-term debt, using its cash to deleverage.

5

This metric provides a clear, high-level view of a company's long-term debt financing strategy during a period.

Related Terms

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