Income StatementBeginner📖 7 min read

Salaries and Wages

Employee compensation expense in operating performance

Where it appears
Cost of revenue and/or operating expenses
Includes
Base pay, overtime, bonuses (cash portion)
Excludes
Non-cash stock-based compensation (often separate)
Key question
Fixed vs variable labor structure

Salaries and wages represent cash and accrued compensation paid to employees for their work during a period. Depending on the company and the role of employees, these costs can appear in cost of revenue (direct labor) and/or operating expenses (SG&A, R&D).

Table of Contents

Why Classification Matters

Labor costs classified in cost of revenue affect gross margin, while labor classified in operating expenses affects operating margin. Two similar companies can have different margin profiles if they classify labor differently based on business model and accounting presentation.

What to Look For

  • Growth in wages relative to revenue (productivity signal).
  • Mix shift between direct labor (COGS) and overhead labor (SG&A).
  • One-time items (severance, restructuring) presented separately.

Key Takeaways

1

Salaries and wages are a core operating cost that can sit in COGS or operating expenses.

2

Classification influences gross and operating margins, so compare peers carefully.

Related Terms

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